The missing piece of the puzzle: larval morphology of Xenohyla truncata (Anura: Hylidae: Dendropsophini) and its implication to the evolution of Dendropsophini tadpoles

Abstract Dendropsophini is a highly diverse clade with controversial phylogenetic and taxonomic history. Different generic arrangements have been proposed the monophyly of several clades supported or rejected. Previous evidence suggested that larval morphology could play an important role in our understanding evolution diversification Dendropsophini, although data are missing for most lineages, including sister group Dendropsophus , Xenohyla . Herein we describe internal tadpoles X. truncata compare results available information members closely related lineages. We propose presence fan-like papilla buccopharyngeal cavity, single element suprarostral, triangular process at base muscular synapomorphies Dendropsophini; moreover, divided m. subarcualis rectus II–IV seems to be synapomorphy Pseudini and, nasal sac insertion levator lateralis + Pseudini.